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One NASA goal is to understand the beginnings of life on Earth or elsewhere in the universe. Large-scale computer simulations are used to investigate the emergence of functional proteins essential for the origin of life. Shown here is an artificial nucleotide binding protein from a molecular dynamics simulation. An adenosine di-phosphate ligand (ball-and-sticks) is bound to the protein, which serves as a model for how ancient proteins can acquire new functionality through mutations.
Credit: Research by Michael A. Wilson, University of California, San Francisco.